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The Flag of Indonesia is a simple bicolour with two equal horizontal bands, red (top) and white (bottom) with an overall ratio of 2:3. It was introduced and hoisted in public at the Indonesian Independence declaration ceremony on 17 August 1945 and Independence from the Netherlands on 17 August 1950. The design of the flag has remained the same ever since. The flag is similar to the flag of Poland and flag of Singapore. The flag is identical to the flag of Hesse (a German state) and the flag of Monaco, excluding the ratio. Red represents courage, while white represents purity of intent. The flag's colours represent blood (red) and spirit (white). The Naval Jack of Indonesia is reserved for sole use by the Indonesian Navy. It flies from every active Indonesian war ship mast. The design of the jack is described as nine alternating stripes of red and white. It is nicknamed ''Ular-ular Perang'' (War Pennant or literally "War Snakes"), probably due to the stripes' design. The naval jack dates to the age of Majapahit Empire. The Majapahit Empire, which was renowned for its great maritime strength, used to fly similar jacks on its vessels.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=(Indonesian) TNI : terima kasih ku terdalam padamu )〕 ==History== Its colours are derived from the banner of the 13th century Majapahit Empire.〔( Britannica Facts about Majapahit empire: association with Indonesian flag )〕 However it was suggested that the reverence for the colours red and white can trace its origin to older common Austronesian mythology of Mother Earth and Father Sky; both symbolise in colours red (earth) and white (sky). This is one of the reasons why the colours red and white appears in many of the flags throughout Austronesia — from Tahiti to Indonesia and Madagascar. White and Red would also later on symbolise the duality of nature.〔(Austronesianist )〕 The earliest record of the use of red and white ''panji'' or ''pataka'' (long flag along curved bamboo pole) were written in Pararaton; according to this source, the troops of Jayakatwang from Gelang-gelang hoisted the red and white banner during their invasion to Singhasari. This suggested that even before Majapahit era, the red and white colours already revered and used as kingdom's banner since Kediri era. The application of red and white textile colouring is available in ancient Indonesia. White is the natural colour of woven cotton fabrics, while red is one of the earliest natural dye discovered by native acquired from the teak leaves, the flowers of Averrhoa bilimbi or the skin of mangosteen fruits. Not only Javanese kingdoms that used red and white colours, the battle flag of King Sisingamangaraja IX of Batak lands also uses red and white as emblem; with the image of white twin swords called ''piso gaja dompak'' against red background.〔Ke Bakkara: Ziarah Sisingamangaraja.Kompas, Minggu, 14 Agustus 2005.http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0508/14/perjalanan/1940067.htm〕 During Aceh War, Aceh warriors also used red and white battle flag, with the image of sword, star and crescent, sun, and also part of Quranic script.〔http://suryantara.wordpress.com/2007/10/30/sejarah-bendera-merah-putih/〕 Red and white flag is also used as the flag of Buginese Bone kingdom in South Sulawesi, the flag is called ''Woromporang''.〔Makna Saudagar bagi Saudagar yang tak Hadir :: Azhariah Rachman :: Panyingkul,Senin, 13 November 2006, http://www.panyingkul.com/view.php?id=249&jenis=kabarkita〕 The Balinese Badung (Puri Pamecutan) royal banner also contains red and white element, their flag is red, white, and black that probably also derived from Majapahit origin. During Java War (1825–1830) Prince Diponegoro also used red and white banner. Later, these colours were revived by students and then nationalists in the early 20th century as an expression of nationalism against the Dutch. The red-white flag was flown for the first time in Java in 1928. Under Dutch rule, the flag was prohibited. It was adopted as the national flag on 17 August 1945, when independence was declared and has been in use since then.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Flag of Indonesia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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